Three Generations of Distance Learning Pedagogy
Three Generations of Distance Learning Pedagogy
1. Cognitive Behaviourism
2. Constructivism
3. Connectivism
Errors vs Mistakes
a mistake vs an error According to Corder (1967) cited by Ellis (2008), a ‘mistake’ is a deviation in learner language that occurs when learners fail to perform their competence. It is a lapse that reflects processing problems. An error, on the other hand, is a deviation in learner language which results from lack of knowledge of the correct rule (pp. 971, 961). global errors vs local...
What Learning Styles are There?
Here is a summary of Keng-Soon Soo’s article “Theory and Research: Learning Styles, Motivation, and the CALL Classroom”, published in Call Environments: Research, Practice and Critical Issues (1999) edited by Egbert & Hanson-Smith (There is a newer 2007 edition of this text available) Learning style refers to how students approach learning, not to how well they learn. (p...
A Guide to EFL/ESL Exams and Levels
This is a table that provides a compact comparative overview of such EFL/ESL exams as FCE, CAE, CPE, IELTS & TOEFL.
Designing Multiple Choice Tests (validity, reliability, etc)
Here is a nice article on designing multiple choice tests